Based on the materials of the Torah, the Talmud, rabbinic literature, and the provisions of Halakhic law, the article traces the transformation of the concept of labor in Judaism: from the understanding of labor as a curse and simultaneously a commandment to its theological justification as a partnership between man and God in the perfection of the world (Tikkun Olam). The author analyzes the Halakhic norms regulating labor relations and demonstrates their significance for ensuring freedom of conscience and freedom of religion of employees in the modern Russian legal context.