The article analyzes the procedural problems of protecting state interests in arbitration proceedings (determining the proper party and the procedural status of authorities, the imbalance of adversarial principles, the legal risks of unrestricted application of settlement agreements, as well as contradictions in the practice of applying the statute of limitations). The necessity of differentiating procedures in cases involving significant public interest is substantiated. Specific legislative measures are proposed to improve the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation.