The article examines the multifaceted impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the preservation and development of the cultural identity of the indigenous peoples of Russia. The article analyzes both positive opportunities (digitalization of heritage, revitalization of languages, new forms of creativity) and potential risks (digital inequality, algorithmic distortions, the threat of a “simulacrum”). Special attention is paid to the specific conditions and challenges facing the indigenous peoples of Russia. The article offers a systematic view of the problem and draws conclusions aimed at developing a balanced and ethical strategy for integrating AI into cultural practices. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the dual impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the processes of preserving and developing the cultural identity of the indigenous peoples of Russia and the formulation of scientific and practical conclusions based on it.