The article presents a comparative legal study of the system for reviewing decisions of justices of the peace before and after the procedural reform of 2018. Based on a systematic analysis, the shortcomings of the established system are identified, which together significantly reduce the effectiveness of appellate and cassation review of the acts of justices of the peace. Particular attention is paid to the factors that, in the author’s opinion, became the prerequisites for a new stage in the transformation of these review proceedings.