This research article analyzes the legal concept of "preservation of the people," which is considered one of the fundamental strategic national interests and priorities of the Russian state. Despite the absence of a provision regarding this category in the list of constitutional values, principles, and goals of the state enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, given the long-term development trends in the country and globally, preserving the people has become a crucial national priority and a strategic priority for the state. As a result of this study, the author concludes that preserving the people is a complex, multifaceted legal institution, lacking a precise legal definition in legislation and a unified approach in legal doctrine. In practice, creating conditions for preserving the people in modern conditions is becoming a geopolitical task directly linked to ensuring the sovereignty and sustainable development of the Russian state.