The article examines the problems of division of property of military personnel acquired under the savings-mortgage system (SMS) and distribution of debt obligations under targeted housing loans and mortgage loans upon divorce. The evolution of judicial practice is analyzed, including the key Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of March 18, 2025, which changed the approach to the qualification of such property. Systemic problems are identified related to the lack of a mechanism for including former spouses in credit obligations and legal uncertainty depending on the length of service of the serviceman. The necessity of adopting clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and amending Federal Law No. 117-FZ of August 20, 2004 is substantiated.