The article examines the constitutional and legal nature of gold and foreign currency reserves as a special state property used to achieve public law goals in the context of the unprecedented blocking (freezing) of the Bank of Russia's assets in foreign jurisdictions in 2022. Based on the interpretation of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current federal legislation, the key constitutional and legal problems of protecting state property, including its gold and foreign exchange reserves located abroad, are revealed, and the need for fundamental improvement of the mechanism of their constitutional and legal protection is stated.