In the article, the authors discuss anxiety as a problem in the field of public psychological health. The authors summarize statistical data on the staffing of justices of the peace in the Russian Federation and on the formation of anxiety as an adaptive capacity of the organism to the surrounding reality in justices of the peace who are commencing their duties. Based on psychological and legal analysis, the authors attempt to identify the stress factors that influence the formation of anxiety in justices of the peace. The authors acknowledge the positive significance of anxiety as an element of the personality of justices of the peace in its motivating function, which encourages the judge to prepare for difficulties and achieve success. While recognizing the positive significance of anxiety, the authors propose ways to reduce and overcome its impact in order to mitigate its negative effect on the general state of health of justices of the peace.