The article presents a comparative legal analysis of the provisions of ILO Convention No. 187 "Concerning the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health" (2006) and the norms of Russian legislation regulating occupational safety. The author examines the basic principles and requirements of the Convention and identifies existing problems and gaps in the legal framework that impede the full implementation of international standards. The focus is on the systemic approach to occupational safety management, which implies the formation of a national policy, a national system, and a national program in the field of occupational safety and health.