The article is dedicated to the analysis of the legal status of public-law companies (PLCs) in Russia. The unique nature of PLCs, combining elements of a state body and a legal entity, is considered. Special attention is paid to the specificity of their legal capacity, characterized as «competence-based», and their ability to manage state property. The dual nature of PLC activities, including the implementation of public-law powers and participation in civil turnover, is analyzed. The role of PLCs in carrying out tasks set by the Government of the Russian Federation and their importance for the implementation of state policy is emphasized.