The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the criminal law aspects of bringing to justice patrol and post police officers for committing criminal acts in the course of performing official duties. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework, including the provisions of the Federal Law “On Police” and the “Instructions on the Organization of Official Activities of Combat Units of the Patrol and Post Police Service of Territorial Bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia”, key contradictions in law enforcement practice are identified. The study covers the issues of qualification of illegal actions, features of proving the guilt of law enforcement officers, as well as the problem of delineation of official powers and criminally punishable acts. The results indicate the need to improve the mechanisms of procedural control over the actions of patrol and guard service units and to develop uniform standards of official conduct.