This article examines the problem of fragmentation in occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation. Three key manifestations of fragmentation are analyzed: (1) the regulatory disconnect between the protection of employees' physical and mental health; (2) the reliance on recommendatory norms instead of imperative regulation; and (3) excessive detailing of legal provisions. The analysis identifies structural deficiencies in the legal norms of Chapter X of the Russian Labor Code and associated subordinate legislation. It is demonstrated that the fragmentation of OSH legislation results from systemic flaws in labor law.