Russia is forced to address the emerging challenge of artificial intelligence and its penetration into all spheres of human economic activity. Changing evaluation criteria and perceptions of performance and effectiveness in the context of the transformation of development — from technological to socio-technological — technology substitution, and the renewal of business models require accelerated scientific development. To successfully navigate the future amid the AI revolution and current realities, it is necessary to remove barriers to achieving economic security in the economy of the future, the most important of which are misconceptions about the goals of activity and the effectiveness of science and economics.