The article examines the problems of the implementation of human rights and freedoms and the claim for their adequate protection. The author notes that in Russian science, the concept of "claim" is understood in two aspects. In the first aspect, the claim is revealed as a general social category that essentially focuses on pre-legal processes. In the second aspect, the traditional understanding of claims is as an element of subjective law, specifically a demand addressed to the state for the protection of a violated right. These understandings are logically interconnected. It should be noted that citizens face difficulties in exercising their rights and freedoms, which are caused by various factors: gaps in the law and the failure of the legislator to adopt relevant regulations; the replacement of regulatory acts with interpretative acts; defects in legal technique that complicate the mechanism for protecting rights; the absence of definitions of evaluative concepts and clear criteria for their use in legislation and interpretative acts of the highest judicial authorities; and the lack of appropriate algorithms for determining preventive measures and penalties in criminal cases. These circumstances give rise to numerous claims by citizens for adequate protection of their rights and freedoms, and necessitate the adoption of objective measures by the state to meet these demands.