The study of the principle of reciprocity of rights and obligations, enshrined in constitutional law in 2020, is motivated by the need to develop effective mechanisms to ensure a balance between citizens' rights and obligations in the area of social well-being. In an era of accelerated development of biomedical technologies, this principle serves as a fundamental mechanism for ensuring social well-being, balancing individual freedom and collective responsibility in matters of access to medical resources and ethical standards for the distribution of benefits. It is concluded that the principle of reciprocity of rights and obligations complements the principles of equality, solidarity, and accessibility enshrined in constitutional norms, but the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is assigned the primary role in finalizing its content.