The article is dedicated to the prospects of possible reformation of the human rights protection system, taking into account the current challenges and threats to the state, society, and individuals. The interrelation between state and public security with the observance and protection of human rights, and the significance of state human rights protection control institutions are examined. Criteria for evaluating human rights activities are highlighted. Possible prospects for improving the organizational structure of state human rights protection control institutions (concerning ombudspersons at the federal and regional levels) are formulated.