The article is devoted to the problem of understanding the theory of human rights. According to the author, the generations of human rights were formed and conceptualized within the framework of the historical process and the development of social relations, and at the moment they form a whole system of ideas about rights, and their connection is dialectical. Any question about primacy (not historical, but primacy in terms of significance) It is erroneous for any of the generations, since the human rights system can be realized and represented only in the interrelation of all categories (generations) of rights. The work uses dialectical-materialistic, systematic and logical methods. In relation to the understanding of law, a socioaxiological approach. The author concludes that in terms of the first three generations of human rights, three laws of dialectics are absolutely clear and immutable. The discussion about the fourth (and other) generations remains open.