This work is the result of an analysis of the norms of the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction 1980, and the norms of Chapter 22.2 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The authors share the problems they have encountered in their judicial practice when considering applications for the effective exercise of access rights to a child on the basis of an international treaty of the Russian Federation. The cornerstone of the article was the relationship between the procedure provided for by international legislation for the exercise of access rights to a child and the procedure for communicating with a child available in the national legislation of the Russian Federation.