The article, based on experimental data, examines the similarity in the level of moral underdevelopment of students of educational colonies and pedagogically neglected teenagers, which is currently an alarming fact. The presence of utilitarian motivations in both groups suggests that they are only deterred from committing offenses by considerations of fear of punishment or benefits and disadvantages. The article identifies several key issues of a substantive nature, without addressing which it is difficult to achieve the national goal of rehabilitating minors.