The article is devoted to an analysis of the legal nature of the grounds for dismissal of a statement of claim. The author reviews the ruling on dismissal of a statement of claim as crucial administered justice through which the subjective civil rights and legitimate interests of participants in civil law relations are protected. It has been shown that when determining whether an applicant has a legal interest in a case, courts must be guided not only by the law but also by their own discretion. Given the principle of free disposition, which is fundamental to civil proceedings, the grounds for accepting a statement of claim filed by a prosecutor must be expressly established by law.