The article examines the evolution of police legislation in Russia, from the first legal acts that established the concept of “deanery” to the current stage associated with the adoption and development of the Federal Law “On Police” in 2011. It is shown how conservative principles in the legal regulation of police activities are combined in the current law with adaptability to new challenges. The process of preparing the draft law “On the Police”, in which V.V. Chernikov played a leading role, is considered in detail. The main directions of improving police legislation over the 15 years of operation of the law “On Police” are characterized. In conclusion, the perspective tasks of its further development are determined.