Modern globalization processes increase interest in the phenomenon of the formation of diasporas in the territories of individual states, since their participation and role in shaping the system of international relations and influence on domestic processes is becoming increasingly significant. The influx of new population groups with their own traditions, interests, local “laws” and “rules” characteristic only of them may provoke misunderstanding and conflicts. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the problems of legal regulation of diasporas, while at the same time using their potential in preventing interethnic and interfaith conflicts. The article analyzes the historical origin and modern content of the concept of “diaspora”, traces its normative use in by-laws of the Russian Federation, and considers related categories of “national minority”, “national-cultural autonomy”, and “religious association”. On the basis of the authors' sociological research (a survey of 320 people conducted in December 2025 — January 2026), data were obtained on the perception by various categories of citizens of the concepts of “diaspora", “interethnic conflict” and “interfaith conflict”, as well as on the willingness of respondents to participate in activities aimed at preventing ethno-confessional conflicts. The main causes of potential conflicts and possible ways to prevent them are identified, including improvement of state policy, educational work and promotion of tolerance. A conclusion is drawn about the existence in society of a demand for creative actions aimed at mutual respect regardless of national and religious origin, as well as about the need for a clearer legislative consolidation of the legal status of diasporas on the territory of the Russian Federation.