The article is devoted to the history of Serbia’s domestic and foreign trade during the first half of the 19th century. The leading trade centers, the composition of merchants, the channels of movement of goods, and the specifics of the organization of trade activities are noted. The range of Serbian and foreign goods is given. The article analyzes the Russian-Serbian trade relations during the period under review. The peculiarities of trade during the period of Ottoman rule and after the formation of the Principality of Serbia are revealed. The article is based on rare pre-revolutionary sources and modern literature in Russian, English, Serbian, French, and Spanish.