The article examines the process of formation and development of the system of election commissions in Russia from ancient times to the modern stage. A historical and legal analysis of the evolution of election authorities has been conducted, and key stages have been identified: the pre-state (veche traditions), the period of centralization and absolutism, the reforms of Alexander II, the creation of the first independent election commissions in 1905–1917, the Soviet period, and the post-Soviet transformations of the 1990s and early 2000s. Special attention is paid to the sustainability of the institution, which retained its basic structure during the change of political regimes. The final part of the article analyzes the current challenges of the election commission system in the context of preparations for the elections of deputies of the ninth convocation of the State Duma (September 20, 2026), including the holding of elections in the newly annexed territories and the introduction of the digital platform GAS “Elections 2.0”. It is concluded that historical experience must be used to further improve the electoral system.