The article examines the challenges and opportunities of payment and settlement cooperation between Russia and Iran in the context of sanctions pressure and a changing international economic environment. The authors analyze the main legal, technical and financial difficulties in the integration of the national payment systems of the two countries and propose possible ways to overcome them. Special attention is paid to the issues of legal regulation, currency risks, technical compatibility and cybersecurity. The importance of studying this topic is emphasized in the light of strengthening bilateral economic ties and enhancing the resilience of national financial systems.