This article analyzes the specific aspects of exercising and protecting family rights, conditioned by the unique nature of family relationships. The author notes that the specific nature of family relationships requires their participants to consider private and public interests when exercising legally granted opportunities. Legal regulation of family relationships is distinguished by a unique combination of permissions, prescriptions, and prohibitions, as well as the particular importance of the moral and ethical aspects of decisions, the protection of traditional family values, and the need for special protection of children's interests. The author concludes that it is necessary to find an optimal balance between protecting the family's privacy and oversight aimed at protecting individual members, including public oversight of children's interests, the absence of threats to them, and the development of their abilities. The author also notes the importance of developing mediation and other options for resolving intra-family conflicts, the development of additional measures to protect the rights of children and conscientious spouses, and the importance of effectively addressing social and economic support for families and children in difficult life situations. In this regard, providing the opportunity to exercise family rights and ensuring their protection represents a single complex task, the solution of which requires further improvement and coordinated application of private and public law approaches.