The article discusses the state access limits to genetic information, which, first of all, are determined by various methods of obtaining and using genetic data, in particular, the mandatory and voluntary procedure for collecting such data, as well as a personalized and anonymized storage regime. The existing legal regulation imperfections of the human genetic data processing are revealed, as well as the problems of law enforcement, both reducing the guarantees of human rights and negatively affecting the science and medicine development in the country. Recommendations on changing approaches to law regulation in this area are proposed.