The article provides a comprehensive analysis of current issues in the enforcement of migration legislation in the Russian Federation. It examines the latest changes, including the institution of deportation as a new measure of coercive influence, the mechanism for maintaining a register of controlled persons, as well as the problems of delineating the jurisdiction for the execution of administrative penalties in the form of administrative deportation. The authors suggest specific measures to optimize migration legislation and its application, including the legal consolidation of the mechanism for enforcing deportation orders and the clear definition of criteria for alternative jurisdiction.