This article analyzes the specific approaches to the characterization of the constitutional foundations of property rights over natural resources as presented by Kazakhstani and Russian scholars in the fields of constitutional law and civil law. The study examines the provision introduced into the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the referendum held on June 5, 2022, which establishes that natural resources belong to the people, with the state exercising ownership rights on behalf of the people. Within the chosen subject matter, the author refers to Article 9 of the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation currently in force. Attention is also given to the amendments made to Kazakhstan’s legislation on natural resources aimed at implementing the new constitutional provisions.