This article examines the impact of the World Natural Heritage protection regime and principles on the preservation of Lake Baikal's unique ecosystem, taking into account the role of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The World Heritage Committee's position on the construction of hydraulic structures on the Mongolian section of the Selenga River and the socioeconomic development of populated areas is noted. The feasibility of establishing a research center in the Baikal region is substantiated, which could be based on the holding of the International Baikal Ecological Congress in 2026.