The article provides a comprehensive study of the development of a barrier-free electoral environment for voters with disabilities and health limitations in the Russian Federation. Statistical data on the accessibility of polling stations are presented, challenges are identified. Special attention is paid to organizational mechanisms: mapping of routes for voters with disabilities, off-site voting, involvement of volunteers and sign language interpreters, activities of public observers monitoring accessibility at polling stations. Based on a comparative legal analysis, the study highlights the best international practices applicable in the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that joint efforts of election commissions and government bodies, combined with independent public observation, contribute to the establishment of strong organizational and legal guarantees for the electoral rights of citizens with disabilities and health limitations in Russia.