This article analyzes the legal aspects of regulating autonomous devices, including those equipped with artificial intelligence. Key regulatory issues are considered, including personal data protection, the distribution of legal liability, ensuring the transparency and reliability of algorithms, and cybersecurity. A comparative analysis of legal approaches implemented in the European Union, the United States, China, and Russia is provided. Particular attention is paid to the Russian regulatory framework, its current status, and development prospects. Directions for legal transformation in this area are proposed.