The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the budget-legal regime of state programmes in the sphere of justice of the Russian Federation. The author substantiates the specific nature of this regime as a specialized model of financial and legal regulation, determined by the combination of budget planning mechanisms with the human rights functions of the justice institution. The article reveals the concept, structure, and elements of the budget-legal regime, and analyses the system of its legal regulations using the example of the state programme «Justice». The work uses general scientific and private scientific research methods, such as dialectical and systemic analysis, formal legal analysis, and comparative legal analysis. Based on the identified gaps in legal regulation, author formulates specific proposals for improving budget legislation.