The article examines the legal status of military personnel in Russia, the USA and Germany. By analyzing the legal acts governing the rights, obligations and social guarantees of military personnel, similarities and differences in approaches to their legal regulation are revealed. Particular attention is paid to restrictions on the rights of military personnel, social guarantees, disciplinary responsibility and modern challenges. The work demonstrates how national traditions and modern realities influence the legislation regulating the status of military personnel and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in this area.