The work is devoted to the analysis of legislation on the control of the activities of investigative bodies of the Russian Empire and its influence on the formation and development of judicial control and prosecutorial supervision in modern criminal proceedings. It is noted that the regulatory framework in this area in the Soviet and modern periods of legal development is based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of 1864. This, in turn, has allowed for the creation of a fairly balanced system of ensuring the rule of law in the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings, as well as ensuring the observance of the rights and freedoms of participants in the criminal process through the use of forms of extra-departmental control by judicial and prosecutorial authorities.

The article discusses the implementation of the function of initiating administrative cases and conducting administrative investigations by the prosecutor's office, as well as the relationship between this activity and the authority to initiate administrative proceedings within the framework of supervising the implementation of laws and the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. Based on the analysis of the legislation, the article identifies the place and role of the prosecutor in the state legal mechanism of state control (supervision), reveals the problems of conducting administrative prosecution in cases that fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the prosecutor, and suggests ways to address these issues.