The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign legislation aimed at countering the illicit trafficking of new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances. Various options for legislative regulation of this area are being considered: general, analog, and temporary. The experience of New Zealand, the European Union, and the USA is being studied. The article examines the activities of the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction, analyzes statistical materials characterizing the situation related to mortality from the use of potentially dangerous psychoactive substances. In conclusion, proposals are formulated on the use of foreign experience to counter the illicit trafficking of these substances in Russia and the CIS countries.