Purpose: to show the similarities and differences in the approaches of the post-Soviet states to the criminal law regulation of liability for violations of the rules of legal trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, and other subjects of crime. Research method: the study of the criminal codes of the post-Soviet states and their comparative legal analysis in terms of responsibility for violating the rules of legal trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, and other subjects of crime, the study of international treaties regulating these legal relations. Conclusion: there is no single model of criminal law regulation of violations of the rules of legal trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, and other criminal items in the post-Soviet space, there are only some similarities in a number of models, therefore, each of the post-Soviet states has formed its own approach to regulating liability for violations of the rules of legal trafficking in drugs and drugs. Scientific and practical significance: the possibility of using the materials of the article to harmonize the legislation of the CIS member states, as well as to improve national criminal codes, taking into account foreign experience.