This work analyzes the legal significance of the institution of election observers in the Russian Federation. It is established that the institution of observers developed gradually, alongside the establishment of a democratic, rule-of-law state in the Russian Federation. It is determined that observers possess a specific legal status, including corresponding rights and responsibilities. Based on the research, the authors conclude that the institution of election observers in the Russian Federation is an important part of the mechanism for ensuring constitutional guarantees for citizens to exercise public oversight over the exercise of electoral rights.