This article touches upon the most important aspect of the social history of the total wars of the 20th century, which led to global transformations, including in the sphere of socio-cultural dis-tribution of gender roles. It shows the voluntary nature of the participation of women in France, Great Britain and the USA in World War II, who, thanks to their incredible spiritual impulse and high professional training, made a significant contribution to the Victory over Nazism.

The relevance of the study of modern approaches to substantiating the universality of human rights is due to the crisis of their legitimacy in the context of growing geopolitical competition and politicization of cultural differences. The old metaphysical justifications do not work in conditions of cultural and political pluralism. This requires new, procedural and intersubjective models that could legitimize human rights for all participants in the global dialogue. As a promising solution to this problem, the article examines the theory of the German political philosopher Rainer Forst, who deduces the universality of human rights from a fundamental moral requirement ("the right to justification"), from the procedure of their discursive justification that is inseparable from the socio-cultural context.

В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции развития ювенальной юстиции Франции, показана система органов ювенальной юстиции, раскрывается обновление законодательства. Принятие в 2019 г. во Франции Кодекса уголовной ювенальной юстиции стало итогом длительного процесса модернизации правовых основ отправления уголовного правосудия в отношении несовершеннолетних правонарушителей во Франции.