Annotation

The article analyzes the administrative liability for searching for extremist materials, introduced by Federal Law No. 281-FZ of July 31, 2025 (Article 13.53 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation). The purpose of the study is to identify the systemic legal uncertainty associated with the absence of criteria in the norm for qualifying the form of this digital act (simple, continuous, continuing). Based on an analysis of the article's disposition and modeling of possible law enforcement scenarios, the author demonstrates a high risk of contradictory judicial practice, artificial fragmentation of liability, and violations of the principles of legal certainty and proportionality. The article also considers the related problem of distinguishing between unlawful search and legitimate professional or research activities in the digital environment. The conclusion substantiates the need for urgent discussion and the development of unified approaches, which can be implemented both by supplementing the conceptual framework of the General Part of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation and by providing relevant explanations from the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.