Annotation

The article examines such elements of the objective aspect of criminal bankruptcy offences (Articles 195–197 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) as “large-scale damage” and the “proper victim.” The author substantiates the conclusion that the amount of damage should be determined based on the relationship between the unlawfully alienated property and the creditors’ claims that remained unsatisfied as a result of such alienation. In this regard, the author proposes that criminal bankruptcy offences be deemed completed at the moment of the debtor’s property alienation, provided that the creditors’ claims have become due, are legally indisputable, and the amount of indebtedness meets the bankruptcy criteria established by the Federal Law “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy).” In addition, the author concludes that damage caused by criminal bankruptcy offences may be inflicted exclusively on the debtor’s creditors, whereas harm caused to the debtor itself should be classified under other criminal offences.