Published Date: 13.08.2026

Environmental and Legal Restrictions on Pasture Fencing: Problems and Prospects for Legal Regulation

Annotation

The article substantiates the expediency of environmental legal regulation of pasture fencing and analyzes the existing ecological legal restrictions. The author has identified defects in legal regulation that reduce its effectiveness, in particular, the lack of specific requirements for the construction of fences, low effectiveness of penalties and insufficient activity of authorities in allocating protective areas for migratory species. The author substantiates the need to introduce an ecosystem approach to pasture management, including the formation of an ecological framework, the creation of migration corridors and the use of environmentally sound fencing technologies. Based on international experience, specific measures are proposed to improve legal regulation aimed at minimizing the negative effects of enclosure.




Library

1. Bizhanova N. Railway and Road Infrastructure in Saiga Antelope Range in Kazakhstan / N. Bizhanova, A. Grachev, N. Rametov [et al.] // Diversity. 2025. Vol. 17. Iss. 6. 431. DOI: 10.3390/d17060431
2. Wingard J. Crossing the Tracks: The Legal Implications of Establishing a Wildlife Friendly Corridor Along the Trans-Mongolia Railway / J. Wingard, A. Collins, A. Pasqualato [et al.] ; eds. by K. Olson, S. Bolortsetseg. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia : Legal Atlas
3. Virtual Fencing Effectively Excludes Cattle from Burned Sagebrush Steppe / C.S. Boyd, R. Charles O'Connor, J. Ranches [et al.] // Rangeland Ecology & Management. 2022. Vol. 81. P. 55–62.
4. Stabach J.A. Increasing Anthropogenic Disturbance Restricts Wildebeest Movement Across East African Grazing Systems / J.A. Stabach, L.F. Hughey, R.D. Crego [et al.] // Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2022. Vol. 10. Aer. 846171. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.
5. Paige C. A Landowner's Guide to Wildlife Friendly Fences: How to Build Fence with Wildlife in Mind / C. Paige. Helena MT : Landowner/Wildlife Resource Program, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 2008. 44 p.
6. Notenbaert A. Policies in support of pastoralism and biodiversity in the heterogeneous drylands of East Africa / A. Notenbaert, J. Davies, J. De Leeuw [et al.] // Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice. 2012. Vol. 2. Art. 14.
7. Mbaka M. When Wildlife Can't Move, We All Lose: The Case for Action on Protecting Migratory Corridors and Transboundary Migration in Africa, and Beyond / M. Mbaka, K. Baxter // Alliance for Human Animal Coexistence. 2025. URL: <a href="https://www.humananimalcoexi" target="_blank">https://www.humananimalcoexi</a>
8. Linnell J.D.C. Border Security Fencing and Wildlife: The End of the Transboundary Paradigm in Eurasia? / J.D.C. Linnell [et al.] // PLoS Biology. 2016. Vol. 14. Iss. 6. Art. e1002483.
9. Latch E.K. Genetic Consequences of Fence Confinement in a Population of White-Tailed Deer / E.K. Latch [et al.] // Diversity. 2021. Vol. 13. Iss. 3. 126. DOI: 10.3390/d13030126
10. Homewood K. Long-term changes in Serengeti-Mara wildebeest and land cover: Pastoralism, population, or policies? / K. Homewood, E. Coast, E.F. Lambin [et al.] // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001. Vol. 98. Iss. 22. P. 12544–12549. DOI:
11. Fifteen years of grazing exclusion reshapes vegetation structure and landscape connectivity across alpine ecosystems in the Qilian Mountain, Northwestern China / X. Ao, Z. Liu 2, C. Han [et al.] // Journal of Environmental Management. 2025. Vol. 393. Art.
12. Borjigin U. Changes in Pastoral Strategies and Water Access Under the Sedentarization Policy in Inner Mongolia / U. Borjigin, K. Kodama // Land. 2025. Vol. 14. Iss. 11. Art. 2225. DOI: 10.3390/land14112225
13. Boone R.B. Lines around fragments: effects of fencing on large herbivores / R.B. Boone, N.T. Hobbs // African Journal of Range & Forage Science. 2004. Vol. 21. Iss. 3. P. 147–158. DOI: 10.2989/10220110409485847
14. Волков Г.А. Ограничения прав на землю: фаунистический подход / Г.А. Волков // Законодательное обеспечение охраны животного мира : монография / Е.Л. Минина, С.А. Боголюбов, Ю.А. Тихомиров [и др.] ; ответственные редакторы: Н.А. Духно, С.А. Боголюбов. Москв
15. Baxter-Gilbert J.H. Mitigating Reptile Road Mortality: Fence Failures Compromise Ecopassage Effectiveness / J.H. Baxter-Gilbert, J.L. Riley, D. Lesbarrères, J.D. Litzgus // PLOS One. 2015. Vol. 10. Iss. 3. Art. e0120537.
16. Banks T. Community-based grassland management in Western China: Rationale, pilot project experience, and policy implications / T. Banks, C. Richard, L. Ping, Y. Zhaoli // Mountain Research and Development. 2003. Vol. 23. Iss. 2. P. 132–140.
17. Экосистемный подход в охране природы: мировой опыт и перспективы для России / С.В. Дудов, В.Д. Дзизюрова, К.В. Дудова, М.В. Бочарников // Журнал общей биологии. 2025. Т. 86. № 2. С. 83–99.
18. Шахбазян Т.З. Геоинформационный анализ для целей формирования экологического каркаса и расширения сети ООПТ (на примере Ставропольского края) / Т.З. Шахбазян // ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС. 2020. Т. 26. № 4. С. 104–113.
19. Хлуденева Н.И. Дефекты правового регулирования охраны окружающей среды : монография / Н.И. Хлуденева. Москва : Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской Федерации: ИНФРА-М, 2023. 172 с.
20. Теоретико-правовые задачи сохранения природного потенциала России : монография / В.Б. Агафонов, С.Н. Бобылев, С.А. Боголюбов [и др.] ; ответственные редакторы: С.А. Боголюбов, Е.А. Галиновская. Москва : Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведе
21. Петров В.В. Экология и право / В.В. Петров. Москва : Юридическая литература, 1981. 244 с.
22. Лунева Е.В. Экосистемный подход в праве / Е.В. Лунева // Экологическое право. 2023. № 5. С. 9–15.
23. Крейдлин М. Журавли могут остаться без Родины / М. Крейдлин // Земля касается каждого. 2025. 9 июля.
24. Игнатьева И.А. Экологическое законодательство России : теория и практика систематизации : диссертация доктора юридических наук / И.А. Игнатьева. Москва, 2007. 455 с.
25. Елизаров А.В. Экологический каркас — стратегия степного природопользования XXI века / А.В. Елизаров // Самарская Лука. 2008. Т. 17. № 2. С. 289–317.

Other articles