Comparative Law: Digital Financial Assets and Modern Hawala as a Method of Their Practical Application in International Settlements
Annotation
The article describes a method developed by the author for the practical application of CFA in international calculations. The name refers to one of the oldest ways of organizing international settlements – hawala. The method is based on the widespread use of offsetting and was actively used in ancient times, in conditions of high transaction risks. In hawala, well-off merchants played an important role, organizing offsets between various entrepreneurs, acting as intermediaries. Modern sanctions risks also lead to an increase in transaction costs, which opens up opportunities for using the ancient method in a modern interpretation. The CFA's capabilities make it possible to exclude an intermediary from the hawala mechanism, thus making it more efficient and modern.
| Type | Article |
| Information | Public International and Private International Law № 03/2026 |
| Pages | 13-17 |
| DOI | 10.18572/1812-3910-2026-3-13-17 |
