Annotation

The purpose of this work is to analyze the methods of legally formalizing state responsibilities in Russian legal acts, both currently and throughout Russian history. Methodology: A critical review of authoritative literature on similar issues was conducted. Current regulations were examined, demonstrating legal techniques that allow for the legislative codification of various types of responsibilities imposed on the state. The historical method and analytical reference to primary sources—Russian legislation from the 9th to 20th centuries—allowed us to reflect the genesis of the development of the domestic judicial system, the legal reflection of state responsibilities in various periods of Russian statehood, and the normative attitude of the state and its bodies toward crime victims. Conclusions: 1. The responsibilities of the state are objective in nature, conditioned by its interaction with individuals and society. 2. The codification of the responsibilities of the state and its bodies determines the constitutional and legal nature of the legal norm. 3. The broad catalog of state responsibilities is a significant indicator of the development of the legal system. 4. Sources that establish the responsibilities of the state and its bodies include the Constitution and laws, as well as bylaws, including individual ones. 5. State responsibilities have been present in domestic legal acts throughout the development of Russian statehood. Scientific and Practical Significance. 1. The theoretical findings allow for the refinement of the conceptual and categorical apparatus (the terms "legislation" and "responsibilities"). 2. A historical review of primary sources allows for an in-depth study of certain aspects of the Russian history of the state and law that are not given sufficient attention within the relevant academic discipline. 3. The achievements of domestic law highlighted in the work allow for the identification of positive legislative solutions and their adaptation to modern legal regulation