Annotation

The paper explores the issue of criminal law protection of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values in the system of modern public law. The purpose of the study is to identify their legal nature, determine the possibility and limits of including these categories in the scope of criminal law protection, and formulate criteria for the normative specification of protected benefits. The paper analyzes the relationship between the values enshrined in strategic and program documents and the constitutional principles of ideological diversity and legal certainty. Special attention is given to distinguishing between abstract ideological categories and specific social relations that can be subject to criminal law protection. The conclusion is substantiated that the protection of traditional spiritual and moral values is possible only through the protection of institutionalized social relations. The article emphasizes the need to strictly adhere to the principles of legality, certainty, and proportionality when formulating criminal prohibitions. As a result, the article formulates criteria for the permissible criminalization of values, ensuring a balance between protecting public interests and maintaining stable law enforcement practices