Annotation

The development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and the growing demand for reproductive medicine services are largely driven by the rise in infertility caused by lifestyle changes, stress, environmental factors, as well as delayed marriage and childbearing. The use of ART offers hope to many people diagnosed with medical infertility to have a healthy family. However, their use raises not only medical issues but also ethical and legal questions, particularly when it comes to ART involving third parties. Each state strives to define the legal boundaries of ART use in accordance with accepted societal traditions and moral norms. Some countries have strict prohibitions and penalties for violating them, while others take a more lenient approach. However, there are also countries where ART has no legal status. One such country is Japan, where ART involving third parties is not legally regulated and remains in a "gray" area, leading to negative consequences for citizens' safety and rights.